Título completo: Contemporary Asian Drug Policy: Insights and Opportunities for Change

Autor: Bryce Pardo, Beau Kilmer, Wenjing Huang

Fecha de publicación: 2019

Institución participante: RAND International

Fragmento original: Preface Countries in Asia have typically addressed illicit drug supply and use with harsh punishments, including compulsory treatment and the death penalty. The region has long espoused the goal of creating a drug-free society, a goal that has been abandoned in other parts of the globe for being infeasible. Like many other places in the world, there are emerging discussions in Asia about policies to reduce drug use and trafficking. This report aims to help inform policymakers and the public by describing the illicit drug situation for selected Association of Southeast Asian Nations + 3 countries (China, Japan, and South Korea). The authors present three case studies related to the shifting drug and drug policy landscape in Asia: (1) the violent crackdown on drug users and sellers in the Philippines, (2) Thailand’s shift from a similar crackdown toward an alternative approach of reducing criminal sanctions for drug use and improving access to medication treatment and needle exchange, and (3) China’s emergence as a major source of many new chemical precursors and drugs that are exported outside Asia.

Título completo: La situación de la violencia relacionada con las drogas en México de 2006-2017: ¿es un conflicto armado no internacional?

Fecha de publicación: Mayo 2019

Institución participante: Comisión Mexicana de Defensa y Promoción de los Derechos Humanos, A.C.

Fragmento original: 

En este informe se analiza detalladamente la situación de la violencia relacionada con las drogas en México entre diciembre de 2006 y diciembre de 2017. Examinamos la participación de las más poderosas organizaciones de tráfico de drogas (OTD) y sus enfrentamientos armados con las fuerzas armadas mexicanas. Se concluye que esta situación de violencia ha resultado en un conflicto armado de carácter no internacional (CANI) desde 2007, lo que se traduce en un aumento alarmante del número de víctimas civiles.

Autor: ONUDD

Año: 2008

Resumen: The World Drug Report presents comprehensive information on the illicit drug situation. It provides detailed estimates and trends on production, trafficking and consumption in the opium/heroin, coca/cocaine, cannabis and amphetamine-type stimulants markets. The drug problem is being contained but there are warning signs that the stabilisation which has occurred over the last few years could be in danger. Notable amongst these is the increase in both opium poppy and coca cultivation in 2007,some growth in consumption in developing countries and some development of new trafficking patterns. There have also been encouraging contractions in some of the main consumer markets. This year, almost one hundred years since the Shanghai Opium Commission in 1909, the Report presents an historical review of the development of the international drug control system.

La seguridad ciudadana en América Latina se encuentra en una encrucijada. La región enfrenta niveles de violencia epidémicos, que responden a múltiples factores y causas, siendo la economía ilegal de las drogas uno de sus principales dinamizadores. Este mercado ilegal, que fluye desde la región hacia los países consumidores, ha ganado espacio en la región a través del microtráfico de todo tipo de sustancias. Las drogas ilegales han provisto a las organizaciones criminales de los recursos necesarios para intensificar el tráfico y la adquisición de armas. Además, les ha permitido reclutar de manera inagotable centenares de personas – en su mayoría jóvenes -, e influir en las instituciones a través de la amenaza y la corrupción.1 La competencia entre facciones criminales por este lucrativo negocio, así como la “guerra” fundamentada en la prohibición y el combate a cada uno de los eslabones de la cadena, si bien no explica toda la violencia, sí contribuye a entender sus procesos de difusión y contagio.

Autor: ONUDD

Año: 2008

Resumen: Progress in opium and coca control but goals remain elusive; demand reduction rises higher on global agenda

Autores: Ryan S. King y Marc Mauer

Fecha: Mayo 2005

Fragmento del original: In order to provide a framework for assessing the role of marijuana enforcement in the criminal justice system, we have conducted a national analysis of marijuana offenders for the period of 1990 to 2002. This includes an assessment of trends in arrest, sentencing, and incarceration, along with an evaluation of the impact of these developments on marijuana price and availability, and the use of crime control resources. Our analysis indicates that the “war on drugs” in the 1990s was, essentially, a “war on marijuana.

In common with the military establishments in most of the world’s other countries, the U.S. military faces two challenges. The first of these is to decide strategic priorities in the aftermath of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars and the likely de-emphasis on preparation for large-scale counterinsurgency missions. The second connected challenge is the balance to be struck between traditional military functions and the “newer” nontraditional ones. Of course, the deterrence and prevention of war will remain the top priority for the U.S. military as for most others, and thus the maintenance of the capacity to “fight and win” so far as resources will allow, remains a non-negotiable requirement.

By: On the Wagon

Illicit drug use is estimated to cost $193 billion a year with $11 billion just in healthcare costs alone.

OnTheWagon was founded by victims of drug and alcohol abuse with the objective of creating the most comprehensive and authoritative resource for parents, children, friends, and society as a whole on drug abuse and mental health related issues, with the end goal to get them back “on the wagon.” This goal accomplished via the dissemination of substance abuse information and advocate healthy life choices by using free, integrated social media, web-based campaigns, and experts in the field.

By: Kasia Malinowska-Sempruch & Olga Rychkova, edited by Open Society Foundation

In the public mind, the “war on drugs” probably conjures up a male image. In most countries, official statistics would show that men, indeed, are the majority of people who use drugs recreationally, who have problematic use, and who sell drugs. But punitive drug laws and policies pose a heavy burden on women and, in turn, on the children for whom women are often the principal caregivers. Men and boys are put at risk of HIV and hepatitis C by prohibitionist policies that impede access to and use of prevention and care services, but women and girls virtually always face a higher risk of transmission of these infections. Men suffer from unjust incarceration for minor drug offenses, but in some places women are more likely than men to face harsh sentences for minor infractions. Treatment for drug dependence is of poor quality in many places, but women are at especially high risk of undergoing inappropriate treatment or not receiving any treatment at all. All people who use drugs face stigma and discrimination, but women are often more likely than men to be severely vilified as unfit parents and “fallen” members of society.

Autor: México Unido Contra la Delincuencia

Consideramos que Terminando la guerra contra las drogas: cómo ganar el debate en América Latina constituye un recurso sin lugar a dudas singular. Por un lado, es producto de los más de 15 años de experiencia de la Transform Drug Policy Foundation en la realización de campañas de incidencia política para impulsar la reforma y contribuir al debate — principalmente a través de publicaciones como Herramientas para el Debate y Después de la guerra contra las drogas: una propuesta para su regulación — y por otro, se funda en los 15 años de experiencia de México Unido Contra la Delincuencia en el conocimiento práctico de la realidad latinoamericana y sus desafíos en materia de seguridad ciudadana. Finalmente, esta guía se nutre también de la invaluable contribución de un grupo de expertos de política de drogas y del apoyo de muchos otros grupos y colegas de América Latina.